Jenerasyon Dechennen 6/8/11 Réveil des filles & fils de Dessalines en diaspora

His political outreach to slaves in other colonies further characterizes his thought as an early
manifestation of pan-Africanist political solidarity. Although Dessalines’s
radical distrust would cause him ultimately to order the massacres not
only of whites, but also of mulattoes – a move which would lead to his own
assassination in 1806 – in the ‘I have avenged America’ proclamation of
1804 he viewed a general racial solidarity as crucial. No more divide and
conquer tactics through racial ideology, he warned:
Blacks and yellows, whom the refined duplicity of Europeans has for a long
time endeavoured to divide: you who are now consolidated, and make but
one family: without doubt it was necessary that your perfect reconciliation
should be sealed with the blood of your butchers. … That happy harmony
amongst yourselves … is the secret of being invincible.
That solidarity extended not just to the allegedly separate racial categories of
the African diaspora in Saint-Domingue, but to the African diaspora in other
colonies. Dessalines urged not only remembrance of ‘the catalog of atrocities
committed against our species’, and the reinslavement plotted ‘with the
calmness and serenity of a countenance accustomed to similar crimes’, but
remembrance of Delgrès’ unsuccessful 1802 revolt in Guadeloupe: ‘the
brave and immortal Delgresse, blown into the air with the fort which he
defended, rather than accept their offered chains’. He wishes that he could
decolonize not only Guadeloupe but also Martinique: ‘Unfortunate people! If
only I could fly to your assistance, and break your fetters!’

St. Domingue's policy of working its slaves to death and then quickly importing replacements from Africa proved to be the ultimate karmic boomerang. St. Domingue's African-born slaves not only were not yet broken psychologically, but they were also in possession of significant military training and experience gained on the other side of the Atlantic. And they combined with brilliant, indefatigable, St. Domingue-born blacks like Toussaint L'Ouverture and Dessalines to create a black revolutionary juggernaut the likes of which Europe and the United States had not seen before – or since.

A successful revolution in Haiti, Thornton explains, "required the kind of skill and discipline that could be found in veteran soldiers, and it was these veterans, from wars in Africa, who made up the general will of the St. Domingue revolt... ...Kongolese armies contributed the most to St. Domingue rebel bands... ...(Their) tactical organization was very different from that of Europe... ...(and they) had learned to deal successfully with Portuguese armies and tactics in the years of struggle (in Africa), driving out invaders... ...No doubt these tactics could help those who found themselves in St. Domingue on the eve of the revolution.

"Kongolese armies seem to have been organized in...platoons...that struck at enemy advancing columns and sustained an engagement for a time before breaking off and retreating... ...They made use of cover, both from terrain and from woods and tall grass, in hiding their movements and directing their fire. When they fled it was not possible to follow them." Portuguese troops who had fought the Kongolese in Africa also reported that the Kongolese used "shocks – larger engagements involving massed Kongolese units. According to the Portuguese accounts, large bodies were assembled for shocks supported by artillery, sometimes they formed in extensive half moon formations which apparently sought partial envelopment of opposing forces, in other cases in columns of great depth along fronts of 15-20 soldiers....

"Their tactics showed a penchant for skirmishing attacks rather than the heavy assaults favoured by Europeans in the same era... ...Kongolese armies had a higher command structure that could mass troops quickly, and soldiers were also accustomed to forming effectively into larger units for major battles when the situation warranted.... ...Dahomey's armies included a fairly large professional force... ...Oyo relied heavily on cavalry forces, had relatively few foot soldiers and throughout the 1700's was the pre-eminent...military power in (west Africa)... ...Dahomey's troops... ...fought in close order using fire discipline quite similar to that of Europe... ...

"It was from these disparate 'arts of war' that the revolutionary African soldier of St. Domingue was trained... ...

"One can easily see, in the formation of the bands mentioned in the early descriptions of the (Haitian Revolution), the small platoons of the Kongolese armies, each under an independent commander and accustomed to considerable tactical decision making; or perhaps those small units characteristic of locally organized Dahomean units; the state armies of the Mahi country; or the coastal forces of the Slave Coast... ...

"In addition the pattern of attacks with small scale harassing maneuvers, short, sustained battles and then rapid withdrawals are also reminiscent of the campaign diaries of the Portuguese field commanders in Angola. Felix Carteau, an early observer of the war in the north of St. Domingue noted that the (slave revolutionaries) harassed French forces day and night. Usually, he commented, they were repelled, but each time, they dispersed so quickly, so completely in ditches, hedges and other areas of natural cover that real pursuit was impossible. However, rebel casualties were light in these attacks, so that the next day they reappeared with great numbers of people. They never mass in the open, wrote another witness, or wait in line to charge, but advance dispersed, so that they appear to be six times as numerous as they really are. Yet they were disciplined, since they might advance with great clamor and then suddenly and simultaneously fall silent....

"It was not long before observers noted that the rebels (in St. Domingue) had developed the sort of higher order tactics that was also characteristic of Kongolese forces, or those of the Slave Coast....

"In addition to these tactical similarities to African wars, especially in IMPR, there were other indications of the African ethos of the fighters... ...they marched, formed and attacked accompanied by the 'music peculiar to Negroes....' Their religious preparation, likewise, hearkened back to Africa....

"It is unlikely that many slaves would have learned equestrian skills as a part of their plantation labor... ...Since there was virtually no cavalry in Angola, one can speculate that rebels originating from Oyo might have provided at least some of the trained horsemen. Also, the Senegalese, though a minority, also came from an equestrian culture... ...

"African soldiers may well have provided the key element of the early success of the revolution. They might have enabled its survival when it was threatened by reinforced armies from Europe. Looking at the rebel slaves of Haiti as African veterans rather than as Haitian plantation workers may well prove to be the key that unlocks the mystery of the success of the largest slave revolt in history."

Genyen kek reyalite istorik ki rete konstan e ki genyen sipo de preske tout istoryen. Te genyen lesklavaj, te genyen tret nwa ki soti an Afrik. PA genyen diskisyon sou sa.

Les historiens occidentaux ont totalement évacué du champ de la recherche historiographique, la notion de « résistance africaine » face à l’oppression impérialiste pour échafauder leur théorie de la « collaboration ». Voilà pourquoi par exemple, ils passent sous silence l’encerclement du continent avec leurs centaines de châteaux forts puissamment armés. Ainsi on a presque l’impression, à la lecture des récits de Grenouilleau et consorts, que les africains attendaient désespérément leurs amis négriers européens. Dans ce genre de drame humain, nous étions habitués au contraire. On le voit pour l’histoire de France où la notion de « résistance » est dopée à l’EPO historiographique et politique. Et même si le gaz qui fut utilisé dans les chambres à gaz nazis fut inventé par un scientifique juif, même si 160 000 soldats juifs faisaient partie intégrante de l’armée allemande, on a jamais vu personne parler de « collaboration juive » à la Shoah. Mais pour l’Afrique, on pousse la thèse de la « collaboration » au paroxysme médiatique au point que certains afro-caribéens et afro-américains, pris au piège, reprochent aux africains de les avoir vendus. Alors que pour tous, le drame les rassemble, les unit même, pour nous, ce drame nous divise car le récit qui en a été fait par l’Europe est mesquin, fallacieux et médiocre.

"Si mwen di mwen genyen zanmi ki soti nan anpil peyi Dafrik sa vle di ke mwen konnen ke se youn kontinan. Ou pa ta bezwen vinn fe nou leson sa'a. Mwen konnen ke ou pa vle demontre koman tet nou vid..."

Joel a écrit:Wi gen nèg ki genyen yon viris rasis anti-afriken.
Gen yon seri de nèg ki kontinye ap repete yon seri de bagay ki vin kliche.
Komswadizan ke se CREOLES yo ki te fè revolisyon ayisyen an.
Se toutafè le kontrè.KENNETH THORNTON lan ""AFRICAN SOLDIERS IN THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION"" di ke revolisyon an piman afriken;lan taktik revolisyonè yo anplwaye elt...
3/4 solda lan kòmansman revolisyon an ,se ann AFRIK yo te fèt e yo te dapre THORNTON yo te deja konn manyen fizi e menm pyès kanno pafwa.
Se veteran la gè kont kolonyalis pòtigè yo.
Sa rive anpil kote lan AMERIK lan.APONTE ,CARLOTA lan KIBA se ann AFRIK yo te fèt;ZOMBE lan BREZIL se ann AFRIK li te fèt tou ,menm jan ak anpil lòt.
Nou paka konfine nou a sa MADIOU e Cie ekri ;gen yon syèk e demi depi yo ekri bagay yo an.
E mesye sa yo ,pa t konn anyen lan istwa LAFRIK.