REPENSER JEAN FRANÇOIS et BIASSOU

A kòz de RAYISMAN ke de NÈG tankou MADIOU ak ARDOUIN  te gen pou mesye sa yo ;sitou paske yo te fèt ann AFRIK men noumenm sitou JENERASYON kounye an fò k nou repanse wòl ewoyik mesye sa yo.

Sa a se yon papye ke yon ""think tank"" an FRANS te fè sou LESKLAVAY.
Lan CHAPIT 7 ,PAJ 36 n ap jwenn yon LÈT ke JEAN FRANÇOIS BIASSOU ak BELAIR te ekri voye bay an FRANS.
Se te an JIYÈ 1792.
Lèt sa montre ke PROKLAMASYON JENERAL ESKLAV lan NÒ ke SHONTONAX te fè an 1793 lan te AKADEMIK ,tankou yo di.
Non sèlman NÈG yo te konsidere yo LIB ;yo te konsidere ke yo se EGAL-EGO FRANSE yo.
JOHN K.THORNTON gen rezon pou l di san mesye sa yo LIT LIBERASYON an pa t ap posib.

Nou gen dwa pran kèk bagay ""think tank"" lan ap di sou LESKLAVAY ak yon grenn sèl paske apre tou yo se FRANSE men LI LÈTsa a:

LETTRE DES CHEFS INSURGÉS JEAN FRANÇOIS ,BIASSOU et BELAIR de JUILLET 1792-PUBLIÉ dans LE CRÉOLE PATRIOTE du 9 FÉVRIER 1793:

www.cddp95.ac-versailles.fr/IMG/pdf/Arzalier-esclavage.pdf

CHAPIT 7;PAJ 36

Men yon DOKIMAN ke mesye yo repwodwi se lan CHAPIT 7;PAJ 37.
Tankou nou di l deja ISTORYEN AYISYEN yo pa janm pale de masak franse yo te fè lan GWADLOUP lan ;bagay ki te fòse pro franse yo ki te wè ki entansyon FRANSE yo te genyen e se pa t INYON FÈ LA FÒS ki te fè de NÈG ki te rayi DESSALINES antre anba KÒMANDMAN lan se te yon kesyon de SIVIVANS ;paske se misye ki te gen plis abilite e mesye yo te wè sa apre BATAY ""LA CRÈTE A PIERROT"".

Se yon DOKIMAN ,MWEN pa janm tande pale de li .Dokiman sa a di klèman PLAN FRANSE an te ale o dela retounen NÈG lan ESKLAVAY ;se te SOLISYON FINAL ki te fèt lan GWADLOUP lan:

DOCUMENT D

Lettre de LECLERC à BONAPARTE-15 VANDÉMAIRE an XI (7 OCT 1802)-A-H -GUERRE ARCHIVES NATIONALES d'OUTRE MER-B77

""Voici mon opinion sur ce pays .Il faut détruire tous les NÈGRES des montagnes HOMMES ET FEMMES,ne garder que les enfants au-dessous de douze ans,détruire la moitié de ceux de la plaine et ne laisser dans la colonie un seul homme de couleur qui ait porté l'épaulette,sans cela ,lamais la colonie ne sera tranquille

Sa se pou di ke LEJAND ke ROCHAMBEAU te pi MALVEYAN ke LECLERC se jis yon LEJAND.
Si LECLERC pa t mouri e yo te genyen GÈ an ;LECLERC t ap fè sa RICHEPANCE te fè lan GWADLOUP lan.Yon KANPAY EKSTÈMINASYON.

ABA FRANKOFOU!

Eske nou te konnen kisa Biassou te reyalize apre li kite Sendomeng?
 
 
 
 
Jorge (Georges) Biassou
 
When Jorge Biassou (1741-1801) arrived in St. Augustine in 1796, he was already a legend in his own time. He was the most fiery leader in the Haitian slave revolt against the French. He became a decorated Spanish general, yet did not speak Spanish and was virtually banned from Hispaniola and Havana. He was Florida's only black caudillo (a militant political leader), and came with his own Haitian entourage. He flaunted pagan religious practices, but was buried with full Catholic honors. A hero, a family man, a threat, and a spectacle; this ex-slave demanded respect.
 

From Slave to Rebel
Jorge Biassou was born "Georges," on the island of Hispaniola. He was the son of slaves in the world's most lucrative colony, French Saint-Domingue (now Haiti). The plantation owners there were notoriously brutal, producing a standard for violence that still lingers there today. In 1791, thousands of abused slaves rose up and poured out their fury on the "great whites." Biassou, now fifty years old, joined them and quickly assumed the rebel leadership with Jean Francois. Biassou commanded 40,000 ex-slaves as they burned plantations and murdered whites. Along the way, he fueled his own and his followers' national spirit through religious practices of their African ancestors.
 
In four years of warfare, Biassou developed a reputation that became fodder for legends. Historian Thomas Madiou dramatized tales of the revolution fifty years later, writing that Biassou's war tent was "filled with kittens of all shades, with snakes, with dead men's bones, and other African fetishes. At night huge campfires were lit with naked women dancing around them, chanting words understood only on the coast of Africa. When the excitement reached its climax, Biassou would appear with his [priests] to proclaim in the name of God that every slave killed in battle would re-awaken in his homeland of Africa" (Madiou).
 

The Haitian Revolution began with a slave revolt in 1791.
 
From Rebel to General
Biassou proved to be that unique blend of dynamo and diplomat. He and Francois wrote multiple offers to end the slave revolt in exchange for the basic human rights promoted by the French Revolution. Mainland France dismissed those peace offers from Hispaniola; they were too busy declaring war on Spain. Since Spain shared Hispaniola with France, the war found its way to the island. There, Spanish Governor Garcia recruited the rebel slaves. For their assault on the French, the slaves were given weapons, supplies, salaries, and Spanish citizenship. Francois, Biassou, and his aid Toussaint L'Ouverture received gold medals and letters of thanks and confidence from the Spanish government. At that point in 1793, "Georges" became "Jorge" Biassou, a free, French-speaking, Spanish general of his freed rebels, the Black Auxiliaries of Carlos IV.
 

The island of Hispaniola was divided into French and Spanish territories. The French side became Haiti after the slaves won their revolution.

Loyalty to Spain
Biassou coveted his title and salary. He proved his Spanish loyalty a year later when Toussaint withdrew a portion of the Black Auxiliaries to focus on freeing more slaves. Biassou did not want to risk his newfound independence, and in fact, later owned his own slaves. He and Francois remained loyal to Spain, even though it eventually meant fighting against Toussaint and other rebels. Governor Garcia was grateful for this, and called the Black Auxiliaries "valiant warriors."
 

Biassou's former aid, Toussaint L'Ouverture, led the Haitian Revolution to success. Painting by Alexandra Barbot.
Grateful, that is, until Spain's fight with France ended. Then Governor Garcia pondered what to do with his Haitian "wolves." They were armed, skilled, and far more ferocious than Spanish war standards. Jorge Biassou was especially feared. Field reports claimed he had killed all the white patients in a hospital and led a massacre of one thousand French men, women and children.

From Hispaniola to Florida
The Black Auxiliaries were disbanded and shipped out of Hispaniola so quickly Biassou didn't have time to sell his property or find his mother. He stopped at the Caribbean control center of Havana to receive his new orders, but was forbidden to leave the ship. When his orders brought him to St. Augustine, with over a third of its population slaves and ex-slaves, Governor Quesada did his best to keep the black role model looking like a loyal soldier rather than a rebel.


Biassou and family in front of his house on St. George Street. Painting by Alexandra Barbot.
A Spectacle for St. Augustine'
He looked more like a king, parading into town with his wife and twenty-three Haitian followers. General Biassou wore gold-trimmed clothes, a silver saber, and an ivory dagger. He called the followers his "family" because of their loyalty and dependence on him. On their arrival, Governor Quesada provided a French-Spanish interpreter and two nights' dinner for Biassou's immediate family. Through the interpreter, Biassou sent thanks, but complained that he wasn't invited to eat at Government House. The governor was stunned.


Biassou lived in the Salcedo House at 42 St. George Street. The house is now Whetstone's chocolate store.
Taming the Caudillo
In the first few weeks, St. Augustine locals hung around outside Biassou's rented house on St. George Street to stare at the "family." Biassou complained again. This time, the governor agreed and put a stop to it. As it turned out, Biassou liked attention on his own terms. He hosted a festival for the town's black community to celebrate the Catholic Day of Kings with an African flair. The Spanish Catholics were stunned.

Biassou's life in Florida was like a retirement compared to the bloodbath of Saint-Domingue. He chose to spend his impressive income on impressive hospitality. But even though his salary was second only to the governor, it fell short of what Havana promised him because of St. Augustine's frequent inability to cover payroll. The shortage made sense to city officials, because the general was now commanding a small black militia out of Fort Matanzas, not an army of thousands. Not to mention, shortages were just a part of life in St. Augustine. But no one wanted to tell General Biassou his pay was cut; it just came up short again and again.


The black platoon of Jorge Biassou at Fort Matanzas. Painting by Alexandra Barbot.
He requested the shortage in the form of expense reimbursement, hoping the money could be found in some other budget category. Biassou submitted petitions for additional compensation to support his "family" of twenty-five who had fought for Spain at his side. He sought government funding to retrieve his mother and other followers from war-torn Saint-Domingue, and to support a second home for his wife when she moved to Havana for her health. His attempt at developing a plantation for the family lost money borrowed against the promised, higher pay rate. Biassou never adjusted to the economic chasm between Saint-Domingue and St. Augustine.


Fort Matanzas, now owned by the National Parks Service.
Nor had Biassou adjusted to the loss of respect in his transition from war general to border patrol. As with the French, his professionally-delivered attempts to work with a bureaucracy were disregarded. Frustrated, he violated chain of command and petitioned Havana for correction of St. Augustine's Governer Quesada and even dismissal of Santo Domingo's Governer Garcia, who had built him up then dropped him like a hot potato. In turn, the governors complained to Havana constantly, frustrated at Biassou's audacity. Yet, upsetting this charismatic general might trigger a slave revolt in St. Augustine. So while tattle-tale letters sailed back and forth to Cuba, the local governors kept the face-to-face communication respectful.

Honor for a Spanish Officer
Despite the tension and ever-deepening debt, Jorge Biassou served St. Augustine's military well for five years. He died in 1801 at the age of sixty; he had achieved ten years of freedom. The Treasurer liquidated Biassou's assets, pension, and even his gold medal to pay off the general's debts. His wife and sisters managed to get subsidies from Spanish authorities in Havana.

In St. Augustine, recognition for General Biassou's position as a decorated officer of Spain took center stage, even superceding current racial distinctions. Father O'Reilly honored him with a Catholic mass that included singing, tolling bells, candles and incense. Governor White accompanied the funeral procession to the church graveyard with drummers and a black honor guard. St. Augustine's public notary recorded that "every effort was made to accord him the decency due an officer Spain had recognized for military heroism."


Jorge (Georges) Biassou honored by Haitian Ambassador Raymond Joseph and others.
Jorge Biassou is buried in the Tolomato Cemetery, where most of the grave markers were wooden and have long since disappeared. The exact location of his gravesite is unknown. In August 2009, the U.S. Ambassador to Haiti, Raymond Joseph, visited St. Augustine to raise awareness for Haitian-American heritage. The entourage of Haitians and Americans traveled to Biassou's home, fort, and cemetery. Ambassador Joseph and Senator Tony Hill placed a wreath in front of the chapel in Tolomato Cemetery to honor our powerful black chieftain.

Wi SASAYE ;mwen te li yon ATIK lan ORLANDO SUN SENTINEL sou GEORGE BIASSOU ,sa ka gen 10 ZAN de sa ,sou entènèt lan.

Atik lan te di ke se pa t COLIN POWELL ki te premye JENERAL NWA an CHÈF lan AMERIK di NÒ ;se te BIASSOU.

JAN FRANSWA menm PANYÒL yo te bay misye yon pakèt TÈ ;mwen te wè yon BYOGRAFI misye ki di ke DESANDAN misye yo se GRAN PROPRIYETÈ TERYEN lan SALVADOR ak ONDIRAS.

Kanta pou BIASSOU ta fèt lan HISPANIOLA ;gen lòt SOUS ki di ke se ann AFRIK misye te fèt menm jan ak 3/4 ESKLAV yo.

Kote misye te fèt lan ,lan youn lan LÈT li te fè SEKRETÈ l lan EKRI ;Misye te di ke OTORITE premye MOUN li te rekonèt se te OTORITE WA CONGO an.
Mwen pa kwè misye t ap di sa si se lan zile an li te fèt.
Se youn lan REZON ke mesye ki te fèt lan KOLONI an te rele mesye sa yo ""CONGO"".

Wi sa montre ke nèg tankou Biassou ak Janfranswa te gen anpil brenn ak anpil melon.
Biassou se te komandan piwo pase Tousen lè revolisyon an kômanse. Tousen se te asistan misye.
Nèg konsa pa t lan konpromi ak blan ni kreyôl.
Se sak fè istoryen pa janm bayo kredi yo merite.
Li pa enpôtan si Biassou te fèt ann Afrik oubyen Sendomeng, sa ki evidan, misye te yon gran solda ak yon gran stratèj.

Bon zouti kanmarad! Bon zouti. Souple, kontinye fouye zo nan kalalou epi pataje dokiman yo. Mwen remake se ekstrè yo bay nan tèks Biassou a. Li ta bon si nou te ka jwenn yon sous ki bay tout epi pou nou poste li sou fowòm nan, kit se an foto ki se an tèks. Tout sa nou ka fè pou pawòl zansèt yo te gen chans mete sou fèy papye kapab sikile nan mitan jenerasyon sa a, ak sa k ap vini yo, anndan peyi a tankou nan dyspora a, devan je sa ki konn li tankou nan zorèy tout sa ki ka tande....se pou nou fè sa nètalkole.

M`si Joel! Mèsi Sasaye....annou kontinye bay kout pikwa nan konbit pou bati lòt lekòl la!

SASAYE;

Se jis pou verite ISTORIK kote misye te fèt.ISTORYEN ETRANJE ap fè gwo RECHÈCH sou JEYAN sa yo ;noumenm AYISYEN nou pa ka rete sou sa de NÈG tankou MADIOU ,ARDOUIN ak lòt te ap di sa gen plis ke 150 an de sa.

Mesye sa yo pa t konn anyen de ISTWA AFRIKEN;pou yomenm ESKLAV yo se te yon bann SOVAJ ki vin sivilize lan SENDOMENG.

Mesye yo te rele ""CHÈF BANN"" yo dapre yon ISTORYEN tankou JOHN K.THORNTON ki ekri anpil sou ISTWA AFIKEN de EPÒK lan ; se pa t NOVIS ke yo te ye ;anpil ladan yo se te MILITÈ AK EKSPERYANS ki te kòmande TWOUP lan GÈ SIVIL ann AFRIK e lan GÈ anti-kolonyal kont PÒTIGÈ yo.
JOHN K.THORNTON te pibliye yon LIV ki rele ""AFRICAN SOLDIERS IN THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION se te an 2004.
Misye di anpil ESKLAV yo se te ansyen SOLDA ki te deja gen DISIPLIN MILITÈ ki te konn manyen FIZI e ki te menm FAMILYE ak ATIYRI.
Kòman ou ka konprann ke depi an 1792,1793 MESYE sa yo t ap DEFÈT GWO LAME peyi tankou LANGLETÈ ak ESPAY.Se pa t pa AZA.

Men yon KÒMANTÈ ke RANDALL ROBINSON te fè sou LIV JOHN K.THORNTON lan.THORNTON se yon ISTORYEN ""BLAN"" an pasan:

www.blackcommentator.com/71/71_robinson_haiti.html

african soldiers in the haitian revolution

Si nou li kèk PASAJ lan LIV JOHN K .THORNTON lan ke RANDALL ROBINSON repwodwi ;mesye yo di ke ""CHEF BANN"" yo te abitye ak TAKTIK EWOPEYEN lan la GÈ ke yo te konn fè kont PÒTIGÈ yo ki depi lan 15yèm SYÈK t ap fè la GÈ lan ANGOLA ak KONGO.

Dapre THORNTON se lan men MESYE sa yo ke NÈG ki te fèt lan KOLONI an tankou TOUSSAINT ak DESSALINES te aprann TAKTIK se pa t lan men BLAN FRANSE tankou gen MOUN ki ap di.

Jan JENERAL VYETNAMYEN an VO NGUYEN GIAP (ki antere semenn pase an)te defèt KOLONYALIS FRANSE yo ak NEO-KOLONYALIS AMERIKEN yo ak TAKTIK ki sòti lan tradisyon VYETNAM ak EWOPEYEN se menm jan TOUSSAINT ak DESSALINES te defèt EWOPEYEN yo ak TAKTIK ki sòti lan tradisyon AFRIKEN ak EWOPEYEN.

TOUSSAINT ak DESSALINES te jis SIPERYÈ JENERAL ke nenpòt JENERAL ke FRANSE ,PANYÒL ak ANGLE te genyen.Yo te genyen SIPERYÈ TAKTIK.
Gen yon lòt ISTORYEN AMERIKEN ki te dekri BATAY ""LA CRÈTE A PIERROT"" misye di JENERALSHIP DESSALINES lan se tankou yon GRANMOUN ki ap goumen ak yon TIMOUN ,tèlman DESSALINES te SIPERYÈ a JENERAL FRANSE yo.

THORNTON te di tou ke BATAY sa a te lan ""playbook"" TAKTIK LAME KONGOLÈ yo.
C.L.R JAMES lan LIV li an ""THE BLACK JACOBINS"" di ke ANGLE yo te tèlman pèdi SOLDA lan ST DOMINGUE ke sa te vin yon SEKRÈ DETA jis lan 20yèm SYÈK lan.
Apre ANGLE yo te retrete de ST DOMINGUE ;JENERAL an CHÈF ANGLE an ki te rele MAITLAND se tranble li t ap tranble lan JAMAYIK.
Misye te tèlman PÈ ke li te voye yon EMISÈ pou pale ak JOHN ADAMS ;misye di PRIYE mesye ST DOMINGUE yo pou yo pa anvayi JAMAYIK

JAF;

Lan bouske sou GALLICA ;mwen jwenn yon LIV ki rele ""[b]La perte d'une colonie :la révolution de SAINT DOMINGUE par H.Castonnet Des Fosses
Lan liv lan sanse gen yon LÈT ki siyen pa BIASSOU,JEAN FRANÇOIS ak TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE;mwen pa konn si se menm LÈT lan.

Adrès yo bay se:
ftp://ftp.bnf.fr/577/N5774598_PDF_1_-1DM.pdf
Mwen jwenn yon ""blank"" ou ka gade si w ap gen plis chans.